| Foreword | 2 |
| Geography | 4 |
| Astronomy | 4 |
| Map projections • Time zones | 5 |
| Basics of cartography | 6 |
| What is the grid for? | 6 |
| Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) | 7 |
| Types of relied presentation | 7 |
| Map and linear scale | 7 |
| Carpathian Basin - Physical Features | 8 |
| Carpathian Basin - Tectonics | 10 |
| Cross section along 47°N | 10 |
| Hungary - Physical Features and Mineral Resources | 10 |
| Geological profi le Great landscapes | 12 |
| Plate tectonics | 12 |
| Hungary - Climate | 12 |
| Average Temperatures in January | 12 |
| Average Temperatures in July | 12 |
| Annual Mean Temperature | 12 |
| Annual Sunshine Duration | 12 |
| Precipitation in winter | 13 |
| Precipitation in summer | 13 |
| Annual Precipitation | 13 |
| Hungary - Environmental status | 13 |
| The quality of or surface water | 13 |
| Settlements with signifi cant air pollution | 13 |
| Soil erosion | 13 |
| The quality of our tapwater | 13 |
| Waste incinerators | 13 |
| Flood and water logging protection | 13 |
| Europe - Physical Features and Mineral Resources | 14 |
| Annual Mean Temperature | 15 |
| Annual Precipitation | 15 |
| Plate Tectonics | 15 |
| The United Kingdom and Ireland | 16 |
| Northern Europe | 18 |
| Eastern Europe and Turkey | 19 |
| Central Europe | 20 |
| France and the Benelux | 22 |
| Iberian Peninsula | 23 |
| Spanish and Portugese islands in the Atlantic Languages | 24 |
| The Italian and the Balkan Peninsulas | 24 |
| Inner city Rome and Vatican City | 26 |
| Asia - Physical Features and Mineral Resources | 26 |
| Annual Mean Temperature | 27 |
| Annual precipitation | 27 |
| Plate Tectonics | 27 |
| North Asia | 28 |
| The Soviet Union in 1990 | 29 |
| South Asia | 30 |
| Israel and Lebanon | 32 |
| The Persian Gulf | 32 |
| Africa - Physical Features and Mineral Resources | 32 |
| Plate Tectonics | 32 |
| Africa - Thematic maps | 33 |
| The Suez Canal | 33 |
| Annual Mean Temperature | 33 |
| Average Temperatures in January | 33 |
| Average Temperatures in July | 33 |
| Annual precipitation | 33 |
| North and South America - Physical Features and Mineral Resources | 34 |
| Plate Tectonics | 34 |
| Annual Mean Temperature | 35 |
| Annual precipitation | 35 |
| South Canada and United States of America | 36 |
| Alaska | 37 |
| Hawaii | 37 |
| Polar Regions | 37 |
| North Polar Region (Arctic) | 38 |
| South Polar Region (Antarctic) | 38 |
| Australia and Oceania | 38 |
| Annual Mean Temperature | 38 |
| Annual precipitation | 39 |
| Plate Tectonics | 39 |
| Australia and New Zealand | 39 |
| Cross-section along the Equator | 42 |
| The development of earth and life | 42 |
| Earth | 43 |
| Circulation of magma and the crust of the earth | 43 |
| Types of plate boundaries | 43 |
| Inner Structure of Earth | 43 |
| Geological Structure, Earthquakes, Plate Tectonics, Volcanism | 43 |
| Climates | 44 |
| Annual Mean Temperature | 44 |
| Annual precipitation | 44 |
| Solar climate zones | 44 |
| Length of days | 44 |
| Average Temperatures in January | 45 |
| Average Temperatures in July | 45 |
| Precipitation in January | 45 |
| Precipitation in July | 45 |
| Natural vegetation zones | 46 |
| Soil types | 46 |
| History and civics | 48 |
| The early history of humanity | 48 |
| The spread of hominids on the Earth | 49 |
| The spread of agriculture in Europe | 49 |
| The beginning of civilisation | 49 |
| The spread of grain production and livestock breeding | 50 |
| The spread of writing | 50 |
| Birth of world religions | 50 |
| The emergence of world religions (6th century BC - 8th century AD) | 50 |
| The spread of Christianity in Europe (3rd - 15th centuries) | 51 |
| Canaan (Palestine) (12th - 9th centuries BC) | 51 |
| Palestine in the age of Jesus | 51 |
| The first civilisations | 51 |
| Ancient East (3rd - 1st millennia BC) | 52 |
| Egypt (3rd millenium BC - 332 BC) | 52 |
| States of the Near East (10th century - 605 BC) | 52 |
| Ancient Greece | 52 |
| Hellas | 52 |
| Phoenician and Greek colonization (11th - 6th centuries BC) | 53 |
| Athens | 54 |
| Acropolis | 54 |
| Hellenistic culture | 54 |
| The Roman Empire | 54 |
| Italy (6th - 1st centuries BC) | 54 |
| The rise of the Roman Empire (201 BC - 138 AD) | 54 |
| The economy of the Roman Empire | 56 |
| Rome | 56 |
| Pannonia in AD 2nd century | 56 |
| The Great Migrations (3rd - 6th centuries) | 56 |
| Islam and the Arab world (7th - 13th centuries) | 56 |
| Europe (8th - 10th centuries) | 57 |
| Arab, Norman (Viking) and Magyar raids | 58 |
| Europe about AD 1000 | 58 |
| The Migration of the Magyar people and the Hungarian Conquest | 58 |
| The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian Conquest (9th century) | 59 |
| The settling of the Hungarian tribes | 59 |
| The Migration of the Magyar people and the Hungarian Conquest | 59 |
| Hungary (10th - 13th centuries) | 59 |
| Hungary (10th - 11th centuries) | 60 |
| Ethnic groups in Hungary in the 11th century | 60 |
| Hungary (12th - 13th centuries) | 60 |
| Battle of Muhi (11. April 1241) | 60 |
| Europe (12th - 13th centuries) | 60 |
| Europe (12th - 13th centuries) | 60 |
| Romanesque and Gothic arts | 61 |
| Constantinople (Byzantium) | 61 |
| The plague epidemic 1347 - 53 | 61 |
| Europe in the 15th century | 61 |
| Europe (14th - 15th centuries) | 62 |
| The Renaissance in Europe | 62 |
| The Renaissance in Italy | 62 |
| Hungary at the time of Angevinkings and Sigismund | 62 |
| Hungary (1301 - 1437) | 62 |
| Buda and Pest in the 15th century | 63 |
| Kingdoms of Louis I (the Great) | 63 |
| Ethnic groups in Hungary in the 15th century | 63 |
| Hungary (1437 - 1526) • The Ottoman Empire | 63 |
| Hungary (1437 - 1526) | 63 |
| The battle of Nándorfehérvár (July 4 - 22 1456) | 64 |
| The peasant’ revolt led by György Dózsa in 1514 | 64 |
| The Ottoman Empire (14th - 17th centuries) | 64 |
| The Age of Discoveries | 64 |
| Europe in the 16th century | 64 |
| Changes in Europe in the 16th - 17th centuries | 65 |
| The Reformation (16th century) | 66 |
| Counter-Reformation and Catholic Revival (end of the 16th century - mid-17th century) | 66 |
| Europe in the 17th century | 66 |
| Hungary in the 16th century | 66 |
| The Ottoman conquest | 66 |
| Castle of Eger 1552 | 66 |
| The Battle of Mohács (29 August 1526) | 67 |
| The Reformation (16th century) | 67 |
| The Counter-Reformation and the Catholic Revival (17th century) | 67 |
| Hungary in the 17th century | 67 |
| The Fifteen Years’ War and the Transylvanian campaigns | 68 |
| The Holy League | 68 |
| The reconquest of Hungary from the Ottomans | 68 |
| Hungary in the 18th century | 68 |
| The Rákóczi War of Independence (1703 - 1711) | 68 |
| European military alliances during the Rákóczi War of Independence | 68 |
| Hungary in the 18th century | 69 |
| Ethnic groups at the beginning of the 18th century | 69 |
| Immigration and internal migration in the 18th century | 70 |
| Ethnic groups at the end of the 18th century | 70 |
| Density of population at the end of the 18 century | 70 |
| Europe and the World at the end of the 18th century | 70 |
| Europe at the end of the 18th century | 71 |
| The World Trade System | 71 |
| Europe at the turn of the 18th - 19th centuries | 71 |
| Europe at the time of the Napoleonic Wars (1796 - 1815) | 72 |
| Europe under the Holy Alliance | 72 |
| Hungary in the first half of the 19th century | 72 |
| The Hungarian Reform Era (first half of the 19th century) | 72 |
| Main market centres | 73 |
| Foreign trade of Hungary | 73 |
| Diet of 1832 - 1836 in Pozsony | 73 |
| Revolution and War of Independence of 1848 - 1849 | 73 |
| Spring - Autumn 1848 | 73 |
| December 1848 - February 1849 | 73 |
| March - June 1849 | 74 |
| Summer 1849 | 74 |
| Pest-Buda 15 March 1848 | 74 |
| The Industrial Revolution | 74 |
| The European economy about 1750 | 75 |
| The Industrial Revolution in Europe about 1870 | 75 |
| The rise of nation states in Europe | 75 |
| The unifi cation of Germany and Italy | 76 |
| The formation of the Balkan states | 76 |
| Hungary about 1910 | 76 |
| Administration | 77 |
| Ethnic groups in Hungary 1910 | 77 |
| Proportion of religious groups 1910 | 77 |
| Growth of the Hungarian railway system (1867 - 1913) | 77 |
| Hungary about 1910 | 77 |
| Hungarian Economy | 78 |
| Budapest and its surroundings | 78 |
| The culture of Hungary | 78 |
| Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867 - 1918) | 78 |
| Austro-Hungarian Empire 1910 | 79 |
| Ethnic groups of Austria-Hungary 1910 | 79 |
| Europe and the World 1914 | 79 |
| Europe | 80 |
| Colonial empires | 80 |
| The First World War • The Soviet Union | 80 |
| The First World War in Europe (1914 - 1918) | 81 |
| Russia and the Soviet Union (1917 - 1939) | 81 |
| Europe after the First World War | 81 |
| Europe between the world wars | 82 |
| Parliamentarism in Europe (1851 - 1914) | 83 |
| Parliamentarism in Europe (1923) | 83 |
| Coalitions and political systems in the ’30s | 83 |
| The expansion of Germany and Japan | 83 |
| Central Europe between the world wars (1933 - 1939) | 84 |
| China and Japan in the first part of the 20th century | 84 |
| Hungary after the First World War | 84 |
| Hungary (1918 - 1919) | 85 |
| Aftermath of the Treaty of Trianon | 85 |
| Hungary between the world wars | 85 |
| Economy and culture (1920 - 1938) | 86 |
| Administration 1941 | 86 |
| The Second World War in Europe | 86 |
| Europe (1 September 1939 - 18 November 1942) | 87 |
| Europe (19 November 1942 - 8 May 1945) | 87 |
| Battle of Stalingrad (19 Nov 1942 - 2 Febr 1943) | 87 |
| The Second World War in Europe and in the Pacific | 87 |
| The Holocaust (1938 - 1945) | 88 |
| The Pacific (1930 - 2 Sept. 1945) | 88 |
| The Second World War in Hungary | 88 |
| The Holocaust in Hungary | 89 |
| Military operations in Hungary (Sept 1944 - Apr 1945) | 89 |
| Siege of Budapest (24 Dec 1944 - 13 Febr 1945) | 89 |
| Aftermath of the Second World War in Europe | 89 |
| Losses (1939 - 1945) | 90 |
| Migrations (1945 - 1952) | 90 |
| Border changes (1945 - 1949) | 90 |
| Europe after the Second World War | 90 |
| Europe (1945 - 1989) | 90 |
| Berlin (1945 - 1989) | 91 |
| Europe (1989 - 2006) | 91 |
| Yugoslav Wars (1991 - 1998) | 91 |
| Decolonisation • The Bipolar World | 91 |
| Decolonisation | 92 |
| The coexistence of the two world systems | 92 |
| Caribbean | 92 |
| Armed conflicts after the Second World War | 92 |
| The Korean War (1950 - 1953) | 92 |
| Anti-French Resistance War in Indochina (1945 - 1954) | 92 |
| Resistance War against America in Indochina (1954 - 1975) | 92 |
| Arab-Israeli Wars (1948 - 1982) | 93 |
| Gulf Wars (1980 - 2003) | 93 |
| Wars in Afghanistan (1979 - 1989, 2001 - present) | 93 |
| Hungary after the Second World War | 93 |
| Migrations (1945 - 1956) | 93 |
| Hungarian Revolution and Independent War of 1956 | 94 |
| Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1956 in Budapest | 94 |
| Economy (1945 - 1989) | 94 |
| Civics | 94 |
| The first free parliamentary elections in Hungary 1990 | 94 |
| The Hungarian election system | 94 |
| The construction of the Hungarian constitutional state | 95 |
| Decision making in the European Union | 96 |
| European parliamentary elections 2014 | 96 |
| Social studies | 96 |
| Administrative regions in Hungary | 96 |
| Regions | 96 |
| Natural increase (1881 - 2010) | 96 |
| Change of the age structure of the pollution in % (1990 - 2010) | 97 |
| Districts of Budapest | 98 |
| Age distribution of the population (2010) | 98 |
| Population density (2008) | 98 |
| Transdanubia | 98 |
| Lake Velence and its surroundings | 100 |
| Lake Balaton | 100 |
| Northern Hills and N.G.Plains | 100 |
| Lake Tisza and its surroundings | 102 |
| Southern Great Plains | 102 |
| Nature protection of Hungary • The tourist areas of Hungary, tourist regions and world heritage sites | 103 |
| Budapest and its surroundings | 104 |
| Settlement types in Hungary | 105 |
| Agriculture in Hungary | 106 |
| Land use | 106 |
| Soil Types | 106 |
| Wine regions of Hungary | 107 |
| Soil quality in Hungary | 107 |
| Breadcrop growing | 107 |
| Commercial crop growing | 108 |
| Vegetable and fruit growing | 108 |
| Futter growing and animal husbandry | 108 |
| Hungary’s economy | 108 |
| Location and mining of energy mineral resources | 108 |
| The base network of the electric system | 108 |
| Unemployment | 109 |
| Foreign Direct Investment | 110 |
| Actual increase and decrease | 110 |
| Employment, regional development inequalities | 110 |
| Nationalities and Hungarian Ethnographic regions in the Carpathian Basin | 110 |
| Nationalities of the Carpathian Basin | 111 |
| Hungarian Ethnographic regions of the Carpathian Basin | 111 |
| Nationalities in Hungary | 111 |
| Nationalities in Hungary | 113 |
| Gipsies in Hungary | 113 |
| Europe - Political | 113 |
| Population Density | 114 |
| Languages | 114 |
| Religions | 114 |
| The European Union | 114 |
| Regional development inequalities GDP per capita (2014) | 114 |
| Change in the GDP per capita (2008 - 2014) | 114 |
| Labour productivity (2014) | 114 |
| Unemployment rate in percentage (2015) | 115 |
| Total population change rate (2015) | 115 |
| Net migration rate (2015) | 116 |
| Rate of population with higher degrees (2016) | 116 |
| Life expectancy at birth (2015) | 116 |
| Immigration at the end of the 20th century | 116 |
| Immigrants in Europe 1990 - 2010 | 117 |
| Asia - Political | 118 |
| Population Density | 120 |
| Languages | 120 |
| Religions | 120 |
| Africa - Political | 120 |
| Population Density | 121 |
| Transatlantic slave trade | 121 |
| North and South America - Political | 122 |
| Partition of the Americas | 125 |
| Population Density | 125 |
| Earth - States | 125 |
| Earth - Population | 126 |
| Language families / Languages | 125 |
| Ethnicities of humanity | 128 |
| Population density | 128 |
| Urbanization | 128 |
| American and Asian megalopolis | 128 |
| Great Lakes megalopolis | 128 |
| Northeast megalopolis | 128 |
| North California megalopolis | 128 |
| South California megalopolis | 128 |
| Brazilian megalopolis | 128 |
| Japanese megalopolis (Tokaido) | 128 |
| The Bohai Gulf surroundings | 129 |
| The Yangtze Delta | 129 |
| The Ganges Delta | 129 |
| The Pearl River Delta | 129 |
| Population explosion (1950 - 2010) | 129 |
| Slavery today | 130 |
| Human trafficking and child labor today | 131 |
| Inequalities in economic development (2012) | 132 |
| Earth - Pollution (1945 - 2010) | 133 |
| Earth - Globalization | 134 |
| Central regions, multinational corporations | 136 |
| The presence of clothing company Inditex in the wold | 136 |
| VW-Betriebe in der Welt | 136 |
| Earth - International organizations | 136 |
| The UNO | 137 |
| Economic integration in 2007 | 137 |
| International NGOs | 137 |
| Earth - Religions of the world | 138 |
| Anglo-saxon culture | 140 |
| Britain before the Roman conquest | 140 |
| Roman rule in Britain | 141 |
| The settlement of the Anglo-Saxons and the Scots in Britain (5th - 8th century) | 142 |
| Christianity in the Anglo-Saxon period | 142 |
| The Viking and Anglo-Saxon struggle for England in the 9th - 11th centuries | 143 |
| Empire of Cnut the Great | 143 |
| England from the Norman conquest to the Hundred Years’ War | 144 |
| The possessions of kings of England | 144 |
| Ecclesiastical reform of Henry VIII in England | 145 |
| England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I | 146 |
| From the English Civil War to the Glorious Revolution | 147 |
| The system of the British parliamentary monarchy | 148 |
| The formation of the United States of America | 148 |
| Colonization of North America until 1754 | 148 |
| Colonization of North America until 1763 | 148 |
| Colonization of North America until 1783 | 148 |
| The American War of Independence (1775 - 1783) | 149 |
| The electoral system of the US | 149 |
| The political system of the US | 150 |
| The development of US territory (1783 - 1860) | 150 |
| The formation of the federal states | 150 |
| Slavery and civil war in the United States | 150 |
| Slavery in the US 1821 | 151 |
| Slavery in the US 1854 | 151 |
| The American Civil War (1861 - 1865) | 151 |
| Economy of the US in the 19th century | 151 |
| The economy before 1860 | 152 |
| The economy after 1860 | 152 |
| England before the Industrial Revolution (mid-18th century) | 152 |
| Population density | 153 |
| England after the Industrial Revolution (mid-19th century) | 153 |
| Population density | 154 |
| The world and the British Empire before the First World War | 154 |
| South Africa at the time of the Boer War | 156 |
| Indian Empire | 156 |
| The world between the world wars | 156 |
| The British Commonwealth of Nations | 158 |
| The League of Nations (1920 - 1939) | 158 |
| The United Kingdom’s place in the world after 1945 | 158 |
| History of English | 160 |
| Countries where English is a majority native or official language | 160 |
| Sights on the British Isles | 160 |
| Sights in London | 161 |
| Culture of the United Kingdom I | 162 |
| Theatre of Shakespeare (English Renaissance theatre) | 164 |
| Sights in the United States and Canada | 164 |
| Sights in Australia and New Zealand | 165 |
| Culture of the US and Canada | 166 |
| Culture of Australia and New Zealand | 168 |
| Index | 169 |