Foreword | 2 |
Geography | 4 |
Astronomy | 4 |
Map projections • Time zones | 5 |
Basics of cartography | 6 |
What is the grid for? | 6 |
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) | 7 |
Types of relied presentation | 7 |
Map and linear scale | 7 |
Carpathian Basin - Physical Features | 8 |
Carpathian Basin - Tectonics | 10 |
Cross section along 47°N | 10 |
Hungary - Physical Features and Mineral Resources | 10 |
Geological profi le Great landscapes | 12 |
Plate tectonics | 12 |
Hungary - Climate | 12 |
Average Temperatures in January | 12 |
Average Temperatures in July | 12 |
Annual Mean Temperature | 12 |
Annual Sunshine Duration | 12 |
Precipitation in winter | 13 |
Precipitation in summer | 13 |
Annual Precipitation | 13 |
Hungary - Environmental status | 13 |
The quality of or surface water | 13 |
Settlements with signifi cant air pollution | 13 |
Soil erosion | 13 |
The quality of our tapwater | 13 |
Waste incinerators | 13 |
Flood and water logging protection | 13 |
Europe - Physical Features and Mineral Resources | 14 |
Annual Mean Temperature | 15 |
Annual Precipitation | 15 |
Plate Tectonics | 15 |
The United Kingdom and Ireland | 16 |
Northern Europe | 18 |
Eastern Europe and Turkey | 19 |
Central Europe | 20 |
France and the Benelux | 22 |
Iberian Peninsula | 23 |
Spanish and Portugese islands in the Atlantic Languages | 24 |
The Italian and the Balkan Peninsulas | 24 |
Inner city Rome and Vatican City | 26 |
Asia - Physical Features and Mineral Resources | 26 |
Annual Mean Temperature | 27 |
Annual precipitation | 27 |
Plate Tectonics | 27 |
North Asia | 28 |
The Soviet Union in 1990 | 29 |
South Asia | 30 |
Israel and Lebanon | 32 |
The Persian Gulf | 32 |
Africa - Physical Features and Mineral Resources | 32 |
Plate Tectonics | 32 |
Africa - Thematic maps | 33 |
The Suez Canal | 33 |
Annual Mean Temperature | 33 |
Average Temperatures in January | 33 |
Average Temperatures in July | 33 |
Annual precipitation | 33 |
North and South America - Physical Features and Mineral Resources | 34 |
Plate Tectonics | 34 |
Annual Mean Temperature | 35 |
Annual precipitation | 35 |
South Canada and United States of America | 36 |
Alaska | 37 |
Hawaii | 37 |
Polar Regions | 37 |
North Polar Region (Arctic) | 38 |
South Polar Region (Antarctic) | 38 |
Australia and Oceania | 38 |
Annual Mean Temperature | 38 |
Annual precipitation | 39 |
Plate Tectonics | 39 |
Australia and New Zealand | 39 |
Cross-section along the Equator | 42 |
The development of earth and life | 42 |
Earth | 43 |
Circulation of magma and the crust of the earth | 43 |
Types of plate boundaries | 43 |
Inner Structure of Earth | 43 |
Geological Structure, Earthquakes, Plate Tectonics, Volcanism | 43 |
Climates | 44 |
Annual Mean Temperature | 44 |
Annual precipitation | 44 |
Solar climate zones | 44 |
Length of days | 44 |
Average Temperatures in January | 45 |
Average Temperatures in July | 45 |
Precipitation in January | 45 |
Precipitation in July | 45 |
Natural vegetation zones | 46 |
Soil types | 46 |
History and civics | 48 |
The early history of humanity | 48 |
The spread of hominids on the Earth | 49 |
The spread of agriculture in Europe | 49 |
The beginning of civilisation | 49 |
The spread of grain production and livestock breeding | 50 |
The spread of writing | 50 |
Birth of world religions | 50 |
The emergence of world religions (6th century BC - 8th century AD) | 50 |
The spread of Christianity in Europe (3rd - 15th centuries) | 51 |
Canaan (Palestine) (12th - 9th centuries BC) | 51 |
Palestine in the age of Jesus | 51 |
The first civilisations | 51 |
Ancient East (3rd - 1st millennia BC) | 52 |
Egypt (3rd millenium BC - 332 BC) | 52 |
States of the Near East (10th century - 605 BC) | 52 |
Ancient Greece | 52 |
Hellas | 52 |
Phoenician and Greek colonization (11th - 6th centuries BC) | 53 |
Athens | 54 |
Acropolis | 54 |
Hellenistic culture | 54 |
The Roman Empire | 54 |
Italy (6th - 1st centuries BC) | 54 |
The rise of the Roman Empire (201 BC - 138 AD) | 54 |
The economy of the Roman Empire | 56 |
Rome | 56 |
Pannonia in AD 2nd century | 56 |
The Great Migrations (3rd - 6th centuries) | 56 |
Islam and the Arab world (7th - 13th centuries) | 56 |
Europe (8th - 10th centuries) | 57 |
Arab, Norman (Viking) and Magyar raids | 58 |
Europe about AD 1000 | 58 |
The Migration of the Magyar people and the Hungarian Conquest | 58 |
The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian Conquest (9th century) | 59 |
The settling of the Hungarian tribes | 59 |
The Migration of the Magyar people and the Hungarian Conquest | 59 |
Hungary (10th - 13th centuries) | 59 |
Hungary (10th - 11th centuries) | 60 |
Ethnic groups in Hungary in the 11th century | 60 |
Hungary (12th - 13th centuries) | 60 |
Battle of Muhi (11. April 1241) | 60 |
Europe (12th - 13th centuries) | 60 |
Europe (12th - 13th centuries) | 60 |
Romanesque and Gothic arts | 61 |
Constantinople (Byzantium) | 61 |
The plague epidemic 1347 - 53 | 61 |
Europe in the 15th century | 61 |
Europe (14th - 15th centuries) | 62 |
The Renaissance in Europe | 62 |
The Renaissance in Italy | 62 |
Hungary at the time of Angevinkings and Sigismund | 62 |
Hungary (1301 - 1437) | 62 |
Buda and Pest in the 15th century | 63 |
Kingdoms of Louis I (the Great) | 63 |
Ethnic groups in Hungary in the 15th century | 63 |
Hungary (1437 - 1526) • The Ottoman Empire | 63 |
Hungary (1437 - 1526) | 63 |
The battle of Nándorfehérvár (July 4 - 22 1456) | 64 |
The peasant’ revolt led by György Dózsa in 1514 | 64 |
The Ottoman Empire (14th - 17th centuries) | 64 |
The Age of Discoveries | 64 |
Europe in the 16th century | 64 |
Changes in Europe in the 16th - 17th centuries | 65 |
The Reformation (16th century) | 66 |
Counter-Reformation and Catholic Revival (end of the 16th century - mid-17th century) | 66 |
Europe in the 17th century | 66 |
Hungary in the 16th century | 66 |
The Ottoman conquest | 66 |
Castle of Eger 1552 | 66 |
The Battle of Mohács (29 August 1526) | 67 |
The Reformation (16th century) | 67 |
The Counter-Reformation and the Catholic Revival (17th century) | 67 |
Hungary in the 17th century | 67 |
The Fifteen Years’ War and the Transylvanian campaigns | 68 |
The Holy League | 68 |
The reconquest of Hungary from the Ottomans | 68 |
Hungary in the 18th century | 68 |
The Rákóczi War of Independence (1703 - 1711) | 68 |
European military alliances during the Rákóczi War of Independence | 68 |
Hungary in the 18th century | 69 |
Ethnic groups at the beginning of the 18th century | 69 |
Immigration and internal migration in the 18th century | 70 |
Ethnic groups at the end of the 18th century | 70 |
Density of population at the end of the 18 century | 70 |
Europe and the World at the end of the 18th century | 70 |
Europe at the end of the 18th century | 71 |
The World Trade System | 71 |
Europe at the turn of the 18th - 19th centuries | 71 |
Europe at the time of the Napoleonic Wars (1796 - 1815) | 72 |
Europe under the Holy Alliance | 72 |
Hungary in the first half of the 19th century | 72 |
The Hungarian Reform Era (first half of the 19th century) | 72 |
Main market centres | 73 |
Foreign trade of Hungary | 73 |
Diet of 1832 - 1836 in Pozsony | 73 |
Revolution and War of Independence of 1848 - 1849 | 73 |
Spring - Autumn 1848 | 73 |
December 1848 - February 1849 | 73 |
March - June 1849 | 74 |
Summer 1849 | 74 |
Pest-Buda 15 March 1848 | 74 |
The Industrial Revolution | 74 |
The European economy about 1750 | 75 |
The Industrial Revolution in Europe about 1870 | 75 |
The rise of nation states in Europe | 75 |
The unifi cation of Germany and Italy | 76 |
The formation of the Balkan states | 76 |
Hungary about 1910 | 76 |
Administration | 77 |
Ethnic groups in Hungary 1910 | 77 |
Proportion of religious groups 1910 | 77 |
Growth of the Hungarian railway system (1867 - 1913) | 77 |
Hungary about 1910 | 77 |
Hungarian Economy | 78 |
Budapest and its surroundings | 78 |
The culture of Hungary | 78 |
Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867 - 1918) | 78 |
Austro-Hungarian Empire 1910 | 79 |
Ethnic groups of Austria-Hungary 1910 | 79 |
Europe and the World 1914 | 79 |
Europe | 80 |
Colonial empires | 80 |
The First World War • The Soviet Union | 80 |
The First World War in Europe (1914 - 1918) | 81 |
Russia and the Soviet Union (1917 - 1939) | 81 |
Europe after the First World War | 81 |
Europe between the world wars | 82 |
Parliamentarism in Europe (1851 - 1914) | 83 |
Parliamentarism in Europe (1923) | 83 |
Coalitions and political systems in the ’30s | 83 |
The expansion of Germany and Japan | 83 |
Central Europe between the world wars (1933 - 1939) | 84 |
China and Japan in the first part of the 20th century | 84 |
Hungary after the First World War | 84 |
Hungary (1918 - 1919) | 85 |
Aftermath of the Treaty of Trianon | 85 |
Hungary between the world wars | 85 |
Economy and culture (1920 - 1938) | 86 |
Administration 1941 | 86 |
The Second World War in Europe | 86 |
Europe (1 September 1939 - 18 November 1942) | 87 |
Europe (19 November 1942 - 8 May 1945) | 87 |
Battle of Stalingrad (19 Nov 1942 - 2 Febr 1943) | 87 |
The Second World War in Europe and in the Pacific | 87 |
The Holocaust (1938 - 1945) | 88 |
The Pacific (1930 - 2 Sept. 1945) | 88 |
The Second World War in Hungary | 88 |
The Holocaust in Hungary | 89 |
Military operations in Hungary (Sept 1944 - Apr 1945) | 89 |
Siege of Budapest (24 Dec 1944 - 13 Febr 1945) | 89 |
Aftermath of the Second World War in Europe | 89 |
Losses (1939 - 1945) | 90 |
Migrations (1945 - 1952) | 90 |
Border changes (1945 - 1949) | 90 |
Europe after the Second World War | 90 |
Europe (1945 - 1989) | 90 |
Berlin (1945 - 1989) | 91 |
Europe (1989 - 2006) | 91 |
Yugoslav Wars (1991 - 1998) | 91 |
Decolonisation • The Bipolar World | 91 |
Decolonisation | 92 |
The coexistence of the two world systems | 92 |
Caribbean | 92 |
Armed conflicts after the Second World War | 92 |
The Korean War (1950 - 1953) | 92 |
Anti-French Resistance War in Indochina (1945 - 1954) | 92 |
Resistance War against America in Indochina (1954 - 1975) | 92 |
Arab-Israeli Wars (1948 - 1982) | 93 |
Gulf Wars (1980 - 2003) | 93 |
Wars in Afghanistan (1979 - 1989, 2001 - present) | 93 |
Hungary after the Second World War | 93 |
Migrations (1945 - 1956) | 93 |
Hungarian Revolution and Independent War of 1956 | 94 |
Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1956 in Budapest | 94 |
Economy (1945 - 1989) | 94 |
Civics | 94 |
The first free parliamentary elections in Hungary 1990 | 94 |
The Hungarian election system | 94 |
The construction of the Hungarian constitutional state | 95 |
Decision making in the European Union | 96 |
European parliamentary elections 2014 | 96 |
Social studies | 96 |
Administrative regions in Hungary | 96 |
Regions | 96 |
Natural increase (1881 - 2010) | 96 |
Change of the age structure of the pollution in % (1990 - 2010) | 97 |
Districts of Budapest | 98 |
Age distribution of the population (2010) | 98 |
Population density (2008) | 98 |
Transdanubia | 98 |
Lake Velence and its surroundings | 100 |
Lake Balaton | 100 |
Northern Hills and N.G.Plains | 100 |
Lake Tisza and its surroundings | 102 |
Southern Great Plains | 102 |
Nature protection of Hungary • The tourist areas of Hungary, tourist regions and world heritage sites | 103 |
Budapest and its surroundings | 104 |
Settlement types in Hungary | 105 |
Agriculture in Hungary | 106 |
Land use | 106 |
Soil Types | 106 |
Wine regions of Hungary | 107 |
Soil quality in Hungary | 107 |
Breadcrop growing | 107 |
Commercial crop growing | 108 |
Vegetable and fruit growing | 108 |
Futter growing and animal husbandry | 108 |
Hungary’s economy | 108 |
Location and mining of energy mineral resources | 108 |
The base network of the electric system | 108 |
Unemployment | 109 |
Foreign Direct Investment | 110 |
Actual increase and decrease | 110 |
Employment, regional development inequalities | 110 |
Nationalities and Hungarian Ethnographic regions in the Carpathian Basin | 110 |
Nationalities of the Carpathian Basin | 111 |
Hungarian Ethnographic regions of the Carpathian Basin | 111 |
Nationalities in Hungary | 111 |
Nationalities in Hungary | 113 |
Gipsies in Hungary | 113 |
Europe - Political | 113 |
Population Density | 114 |
Languages | 114 |
Religions | 114 |
The European Union | 114 |
Regional development inequalities GDP per capita (2014) | 114 |
Change in the GDP per capita (2008 - 2014) | 114 |
Labour productivity (2014) | 114 |
Unemployment rate in percentage (2015) | 115 |
Total population change rate (2015) | 115 |
Net migration rate (2015) | 116 |
Rate of population with higher degrees (2016) | 116 |
Life expectancy at birth (2015) | 116 |
Immigration at the end of the 20th century | 116 |
Immigrants in Europe 1990 - 2010 | 117 |
Asia - Political | 118 |
Population Density | 120 |
Languages | 120 |
Religions | 120 |
Africa - Political | 120 |
Population Density | 121 |
Transatlantic slave trade | 121 |
North and South America - Political | 122 |
Partition of the Americas | 125 |
Population Density | 125 |
Earth - States | 125 |
Earth - Population | 126 |
Language families / Languages | 125 |
Ethnicities of humanity | 128 |
Population density | 128 |
Urbanization | 128 |
American and Asian megalopolis | 128 |
Great Lakes megalopolis | 128 |
Northeast megalopolis | 128 |
North California megalopolis | 128 |
South California megalopolis | 128 |
Brazilian megalopolis | 128 |
Japanese megalopolis (Tokaido) | 128 |
The Bohai Gulf surroundings | 129 |
The Yangtze Delta | 129 |
The Ganges Delta | 129 |
The Pearl River Delta | 129 |
Population explosion (1950 - 2010) | 129 |
Slavery today | 130 |
Human trafficking and child labor today | 131 |
Inequalities in economic development (2012) | 132 |
Earth - Pollution (1945 - 2010) | 133 |
Earth - Globalization | 134 |
Central regions, multinational corporations | 136 |
The presence of clothing company Inditex in the wold | 136 |
VW-Betriebe in der Welt | 136 |
Earth - International organizations | 136 |
The UNO | 137 |
Economic integration in 2007 | 137 |
International NGOs | 137 |
Earth - Religions of the world | 138 |
Anglo-saxon culture | 140 |
Britain before the Roman conquest | 140 |
Roman rule in Britain | 141 |
The settlement of the Anglo-Saxons and the Scots in Britain (5th - 8th century) | 142 |
Christianity in the Anglo-Saxon period | 142 |
The Viking and Anglo-Saxon struggle for England in the 9th - 11th centuries | 143 |
Empire of Cnut the Great | 143 |
England from the Norman conquest to the Hundred Years’ War | 144 |
The possessions of kings of England | 144 |
Ecclesiastical reform of Henry VIII in England | 145 |
England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I | 146 |
From the English Civil War to the Glorious Revolution | 147 |
The system of the British parliamentary monarchy | 148 |
The formation of the United States of America | 148 |
Colonization of North America until 1754 | 148 |
Colonization of North America until 1763 | 148 |
Colonization of North America until 1783 | 148 |
The American War of Independence (1775 - 1783) | 149 |
The electoral system of the US | 149 |
The political system of the US | 150 |
The development of US territory (1783 - 1860) | 150 |
The formation of the federal states | 150 |
Slavery and civil war in the United States | 150 |
Slavery in the US 1821 | 151 |
Slavery in the US 1854 | 151 |
The American Civil War (1861 - 1865) | 151 |
Economy of the US in the 19th century | 151 |
The economy before 1860 | 152 |
The economy after 1860 | 152 |
England before the Industrial Revolution (mid-18th century) | 152 |
Population density | 153 |
England after the Industrial Revolution (mid-19th century) | 153 |
Population density | 154 |
The world and the British Empire before the First World War | 154 |
South Africa at the time of the Boer War | 156 |
Indian Empire | 156 |
The world between the world wars | 156 |
The British Commonwealth of Nations | 158 |
The League of Nations (1920 - 1939) | 158 |
The United Kingdom’s place in the world after 1945 | 158 |
History of English | 160 |
Countries where English is a majority native or official language | 160 |
Sights on the British Isles | 160 |
Sights in London | 161 |
Culture of the United Kingdom I | 162 |
Theatre of Shakespeare (English Renaissance theatre) | 164 |
Sights in the United States and Canada | 164 |
Sights in Australia and New Zealand | 165 |
Culture of the US and Canada | 166 |
Culture of Australia and New Zealand | 168 |
Index | 169 |